ABSTRACT
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification incorporated molecular subtyping in glioma, highlighting the diagnostic and prognostic significance. The study aims to determine the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-1) gene, α-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene, and tumor suppressor gene-53 (p53) mutation in glioma and their correlation with various clinical and radiological parameters.Methods: In this prospective observational study, histopathological slides of glioma (2017-2018), were analyzed for IDH-1, ATRX and p53 mutations and their correlation with various clinical and radiological parameters.Results: IDH-1 mutation was found in 48 (38.7%), ATRX loss in 38 (30.6%) and p53 mutation in 40 (32.5%) patients. The expression of IDH-1 was significantly higher (43.7%) in adults; however, no significant difference was seen with gender. Also 51.2% of patients, who presented with seizures, showed IDH-1 expression; and 27.7% of patients, who had neurological deficit also showed IDH-1 expression. IDH-1 expression was high in glioma located at insula (73.3%) and parietal lobe (71.4%); while ATRX loss was seen in glioma located at insula (80%). Intraventricular glioma characteristically lacks all three markers: IDH-1 expression, p53 overexpression and ATRX loss. IDH-1 expression and p53 overexpression was seen mainly in diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma.Conclusions: Molecular subtyping is of paramount importance in glioma management. IDH-1 mutation is commonly observed in adults and patients presenting with seizures. The duration of symptoms correlates with IDH-1 and ATRX mutations. Hypothalamic tumors lack all three mutations.
ABSTRACT
Natural sources, particularly microbes yield active molecules that have wide application in food and pharmaceutical industries, degradation of hazardous bacterial biofilms, etc. Safety and acceptability of such drugs attract researchers’ attention for new drug discovery. Here, we explored biologically active microbial strains having therapeutic applications isolated from five different geographical areas of India. On screening, we found 10 strains capable of producing chitinase (Chi), seven cholesterol oxidase (COD), five glutaminase (Gln) and two heparinase (Hep) producing strains. Most of the isolated strains were found to be actinomycetes. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the strains suggest that the selected 13 isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. Out of which, four were characterized through 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis as Streptomyces xanthochromogenes MTCC 11937 (S1), Streptomyces violascens (N1), Streptomyces xanthopheus MTCC 11938 (H1) and Streptomyces rimosus MTCC 10792 (Ay). Results suggest that the soil isolated Streptomyces strains continue to act as a fascinating source of clinical and commercially importance enzymes. Partially purified enzymes were found to possess a broad range of pH and temperature stability indicating their capability to be used in clinical and pharmaceutical fields.
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The present research article reveals the pharmacognostic study of Trigonella foenum graecum. Standardization in medicinal plants is complicated by the complex chemical makeup of plants and the difficulty in obtaining the pure materials needed to compare and measure the amounts of any one particular compound in a plant mixture. In this, study standardization parameters are performed to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of given herbal drug according to Indian Ayurveda pharmacopoeia.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate protien using enteropathy by Tc-99m dextran scintigraphy. METHODS: Methods for detecting protein loss from the intestine revolve around fecal nitrogen excretion, the clearance of alpha-1 antitrypsin in stools and by endoscopic biopsy. RESULT: The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can also be established by a scintigraphic method that is noninvasive, simple and requires no patient preparation or motivation. This diagnostic modality can also delineate the site of protein loss, thereby offering a targeted approach, and if need be, surgery. Radiolabelling of a non-protein, noncolloidal, nonparticulate and biofriendly molecule like dextran with Technetium-99m for imaging enteric protein loss was utilized in imaging eight children with PLE. CONCLUSION: The results were encouraging. The authors advocate the use of this diagnostic tool in identifying patients with PLE, particularly in the pediatric age group.